. .

In our Scrum Intro Training [1] the participants confronted me with a problem. In their Delivery Organization money plays a role,  not in determining the value of a product, but in maintaining a business. Decisions are made for purely political reasons. The idea of Return-On-Investment, or economic thinking, does not work in that case. This organization is quasi set up like an administrative organization.

Niklas Luhmann [2] emphasized in his works that every system has a means of communication, that this means constitutes the system and that these means of communication react with one another to recreate themselves.

“A social system is achieved, whenever  self created communication coherently emerges and isolates itself by limiting the suitable communication from its environment.  Social systems do not consist of people, also not from actions, but from communication.” [3]


In business it is money. In the legal system it is laws and in politics it is power. (see table) [4]


Knowledge Politics Law Business
Function expansion of knowldge collective official decisions stabilization standard expectations regulation of shortage (supply and demand)
Medium truth power rights money
Code true/untrue has power/does not have power just/unjust own property /doesn’t own property
Program methods and theories

rules of  politics

legal order, laws, etc. economic order
Communication academic statements political decisions

statements of justice

economic transactions


If this company exists in a system that is active in a political context,  then it  applies that: it exists to “have power”. Consequently we must during ROI look at to what degree the new story will contribute to “increased power” for customers.  Business Value = Increased Power.  Money plays no role in this system.


[1] Since June we offer Scrum Intro Training as a one day workshop. It should help, to carry  Scrum even to the darkest corners. :)

[2] Niklas Luhmann (born December 8, 1927 in Lüneburg; died November 6 1998 in Oerlinghausen) was a German  sociologist, philosopher und social therotician. Quelle Wikipedia

[3] Die Wissenschaft der Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main 1992, page 271 (Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaft, 1001)

[4] This chart I took from this article: http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Soziologische_Klassiker/_Luhmann,_Niklas

Avatar of Boris Gloger
„Mut“ ist jener Wert von Scrum, mit dem sich Boris Gloger am stärksten identifiziert. Er hat in seinem eigenen Leben keine Angst vor radikalen Entscheidungen und vor dem Glauben an eine Idee. Für kein Geld der Welt würde er sich Regeln unterwerfen, die keinen Sinn machen. Er glaubt an Scrum, weil es nicht nur bessere Produkte, sondern auch eine bessere und menschlichere Arbeitswelt schaffen kann.